This year's graduating scholars reflect that diversity, with two students from Ukraine joined by scholars from Myanmar and Sudan.

One of these graduates, Yefym, is graduating with a 2:1 in Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Yefym joined us in ������Ƶ���� from Kharkiv, a town 30km from the frontline of the war with Russia, where his family’s home was recently destroyed during a Russian drone attack. Yefym has secured a University studentship to continue his studies to PhD level, and will be staying with us come September.

Yefym commented, “Coming to ������Ƶ���� changed my life completely.

When I left Ukraine, I had no idea what would happen next or whether I would be able to return home. There was a great deal of uncertainty, and I suddenly had to begin building a new life in a different country.

������Ƶ���� gradually became my true second home. It gave me stability, opportunities, and a sense of direction at a time when I needed them most. I have met wonderful people here, developed both personally and academically, and discovered the area in which I would like to build my future.”

For��Serhii, the youngest of our Humanitarian scholars, graduation marks the achievement of an ambition that might once have seemed out of reach after war forced him and his family to flee Mariupol, a city devastated by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Having grown up with a passion for mathematics, physics and computer science, Serhii came to ������Ƶ���� to study��Computer Science with an Integrated Foundation Year:

“When the war began, my family and I had to leave Mariupol and start again elsewhere. Coming to ������Ƶ���� with the support of the scholarship opened up opportunities that might never have been possible otherwise. I’ve gained new knowledge, skills, friendships and experiences, and it has genuinely been a life-changing experience.”

Another graduate, Mugtaba, fled Sudan following the outbreak of war, which has since become the world's largest humanitarian and displacement crisis. He recalls that “Schools and businesses closed, families were torn apart, and millions of people were displaced. We had to flee the capital to our hometown, leaving behind our home, belongings, friends, and the life we had built. Conditions became increasingly difficult, with frequent shortages of electricity, water, and essential goods. As my father was no longer able to work, my brother and I took on jobs to help support our family."

Mugtaba says of the scholarship, “Receiving this scholarship has been truly life changing. It eased a significant financial burden at a time when my family had lost almost everything because of the war. It allowed me to focus on my studies instead of worrying about how I would fund my education, and it gave me opportunities that otherwise might not have been possible.

Beyond the financial support, the scholarship gave me confidence. It reminded me that people believed in my potential despite everything that had happened. As I begin my career in electrical engineering, I hope to contribute to projects that improve infrastructure and enhance people’s lives, while giving back to the communities that have supported me. I also hope my journey shows that, even in the face of conflict and displacement, education can create opportunities and transform lives.”

Alongside these three, a fourth Humanitarian scholar from Myanmar is graduating with a��BSc Cognitive Neuroscience & Psychology, joining a diverse cohort whose journeys to ������Ƶ���� span three countries and multiple conflicts.

Published in , the research, led by demonstrates that this electronic “reheating” alone can cause metals to switch between different crystal structures in a fraction of a picosecond.

A different way to drive phase changes

In most phase transitions – such as melting or structural rearrangement – heat flows through the lattice of atoms. But in this work, the team shows that another mechanism can dominate: electronic entropy, a measure of how electron populations spread across energy states at high temperatures.

By modelling 17 different elemental metals, the researchers found that almost all undergo one or more solid-to-solid phase transitions driven purely by this electronic effect.

This means materials can change structure before the atomic framework has time to respond, creating a short-lived but physically meaningful state governed entirely by electronic properties.

Predicting how metals respond under extreme conditions

The team used advanced simulations to calculate how the free energy of different crystal structures changes as electronic temperature rises. These calculations revealed consistent patterns across groups of metals, including transitions between common structures such as hexagonal (hcp), face-centred cubic (fcc), and body-centred cubic (bcc).

A key finding is that increasing electronic temperature tends to favour structures with lower density, driven by an effect known as electronic thermal pressure.

However, the behaviour is not universal. In some elements, subtle differences in electronic structure (especially the distribution of electrons near the Fermi level) lead to more complex or unexpected phase changes.

Understanding materials on ultrafast timescales

These results help explain how metals behave under extreme, nonequilibrium conditions, such as those created in laser experiments or high-energy environments.

Because the transitions occur on femtosecond to picosecond timescales, they could be observed using ultrafast experimental techniques, including time-resolved X-ray or electron diffraction.

The findings suggest that researchers may be able to use ultrafast laser pulses to temporarily switch materials into new structural states, opening possibilities for controlling material properties in ways not accessible under equilibrium conditions.

Toward new approaches in materials design

By showing that electronic entropy alone can drive structural changes, the study provides a new framework for understanding and designing materials under extreme conditions.

The research could inform future developments in areas such as ultrafast electronics, high-energy physics, and advanced manufacturing technologies, where materials are routinely pushed far from equilibrium.

They had been working on the ������Ƶ���� Mark I, an experimental computer which proved, for the first time, that a machine could store and run a program. But testing in a university laboratory and making in the real world were different things at the time.

Robinson soon redesigned the machine's multiplier (the component that handles calculations), so that instead of working through each step one at a time, like traffic queuing in a single lane, his version could tackle several steps, or switch between several lanes, at once. This updated machine ran at five times its original speed, and the result, delivered to the University in 1951, was the world's first commercially available general-purpose computer.

By uniting the two worlds of industry and academia, the researchers had helped to produce something neither party could have achieved alone. Seventy-five years on, universities and industry are now working in a far more direct and collaborative way, to produce equally valuable technologies.

From the lab to the field

One of the most striking examples at ������Ƶ���� is , the Centre for Robotic Autonomy in Demanding and Long-lasting Environments. Funded jointly by engineering and technology company Amentum and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council's Prosperity Partnerships programme, the purpose of CRADLE is to design advanced robotics and autonomous systems for environments that can push them to their limits.

CRADLE’s robots have operated more than 1km underground at the Boulby Laboratory in Yorkshire, in conditions designed to mimic the surface of Mars, and competed in the European Space Agency’s challenge to develop excavation systems for the Moon. They’ve also been deployed by National Highways to inspect motorway infrastructure in otherwise dangerous situations for human engineers.

Another successful project was (Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in Nuclear), a five-year programme funded by UK Research and Innovation, which saw ������Ƶ����'s Centre for Robotics and AI lead other research institutions in working directly with nuclear sector organisations, including Sellafield Ltd, EDF Energy and the UK Atomic Energy Authority.

They developed autonomous systems that could inspect, handle and maintain equipment remotely when in environments too hazardous for people, something that makes a huge difference to the safety, cost and speed of clean-up in industry phases like nuclear decommissioning.

A different kind of partnership

Not all collaboration looks the same, often these are long-term partnerships built on trust and a shared purpose, rather than short projects with a single deliverable.

������Ƶ����'s work with BAE Systems, for example, spans several decades and multiple projects, like the FLAVIIR programme which led to the world's first flapless flight. This new aircraft design could be steered by carefully controlling the flow of air across a wing, rather than using moveable flaps and surfaces that conventional planes depend on.

MAGMA further developed this into a method for flying an unmanned aircraft with no moving control surfaces at all, by using air blown at supersonic speed and a technique called fluidic thrust vectoring (redirecting the force of a plane engine’s thrust by shaping airflow rather than by physically angling its exhaust).

Tootill and Robinson crossed the boundary between academia and industry in 1949 because their work demanded it. Today’s researchers pushing those boundaries again, working in underground laboratories, nuclear facilities, flight test centres and road networks to navigate difficult problems, building partnerships that produce real-world impacts.

Key findings

• Many older residents want to "age in place" in the communities where they have built their lives, but many feel excluded from discussions about the future of their neighbourhoods.
• Residents expressed concerns that regeneration could lead to gentrification, exclusion and division, and questioned whether new homes and amenities would benefit existing communities.
• Community spaces, local shops and faith settings provide vital social infrastructure, helping older people maintain social connections and access informal support.
• Everyday encounters between people from different ethnic, cultural and generational backgrounds help create belonging, familiarity and continuity as neighbourhoods change.
• The researchers warn that regeneration should protect and strengthen existing communities, with investment directed towards community organisations as well as new buildings and infrastructure.

North ������Ƶ���� is undergoing one of the largest programmes of urban regeneration in the country. The £6 billion North ������Ƶ���� Strategy includes the redevelopment of North ������Ƶ���� General Hospital, a new mental health facility and the Victoria North housing development, while other major schemes are planned across the area.

Victoria North alone is expected to deliver up to 15,000 new homes over 15 to 20 years, and has been selected as one of the Government's New Towns Initiative sites.

What the researchers say

The researchers say the scale of investment presents a major opportunity to improve health and wellbeing, but warn that the benefits must be shared with the communities already living in the area.

"Regeneration could potentially bring enormous benefits to communities, but it is vital that we don't lose sight of the people who already live in these places,” said Dr Camilla Lewis from ������Ƶ����'s ������Ƶ���� Urban Ageing Research Group. "Older people have deep connections to their neighbourhoods and have built up knowledge, relationships and networks over many years. These are valuable assets for regeneration, not obstacles to it.”

The research found that community organisations and volunteers play a significant role in supporting older people, particularly from ethnically minoritised backgrounds, helping to reduce the effects of social isolation, poor health, financial pressures or language barriers

Community spaces also provide opportunities for interaction between people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, helping to maintain a sense of connection as neighbourhoods change.

The researchers warn that these forms of ‘social infrastructure’ can be overlooked when regeneration focuses primarily on physical development.

They are calling for investment to be directed towards existing community organisations alongside new housing and infrastructure, and for regeneration to be designed collaboratively with older people.

"Regeneration needs to start by understanding what is already valuable about a place - its people, its relationships, its cultural diversity and the spaces where communities come together,” said Dr Niamh Kavanagh from ������Ƶ����. "Our research shows that these everyday connections matter enormously to older people. They can provide a sense of belonging and continuity at a time when neighbourhoods are undergoing profound change.”

"The challenge is to make sure that regeneration strengthens these connections rather than unintentionally disrupting them.”

The report recommends that future regeneration should be equitable, embedded within existing communities, designed collaboratively with older people, culturally sensitive and supported by sustained investment in social infrastructure.

The researchers say the lessons from North ������Ƶ���� are relevant to the wider UK as cities and towns respond simultaneously to an ageing population, housing pressures and major programmes of urban development.

The study was carried out over 12 months and involved 41 interviews with older residents, community organisations and regeneration stakeholders, two focus groups and four creative co-production projects involving more than 50 older people. The research focused primarily on Cheetham Hill and Crumpsall, while also considering the wider North ������Ƶ���� area.

Publication details

Read the full Ageing, inequality and urban regeneration: Collaborative research with older people living in North ������Ƶ���� report .

Tackling the public’s energy concerns

Amidst growing climate change concerns and exposure to fossil fuel price shocks, local energy schemes are beneficial for engaging the public directly in an energy transition, encouraging community cohesion, bringing direct financial benefits to participants, and providing energy for more remote locations.

However, PPERC’s response, Putting Power in its Place, states that the government’s plan also provides a major opportunity to address issues of energy poverty.

“What we argue for is genuinely community owned, democratic energy projects which provide both direct returns to those facing energy poverty and debt but also opportunities to develop skills and greater community cohesion,” said Dr Gareth Fearn, Leverhulme Early Career Fellow and editor of the paper.

Key recommendations��

Their��paper��outlines five practical recommendations��to��ensure��the��LPP��delivers on its full potential.��

• Bring��power to the people��by proactively��identifying��communities most in need, building mechanisms for democratic ownership, creating bespoke regulation, and ringfencing funding for engagement and participatory��energy��planning.
• Address energy poverty by embedding it as a key funding criterion,��targeting local schemes in areas with high energy debt, creating��a single UK��registry of community��energy organisations, and engaging with existing community groups.
• Develop skills through community power��and support job creation��by��creating a more inclusive,��better-targeted skills strategy��and integrating small and��medium-sized enterprises and voluntary, community and social enterprises.
• Connect the LPP to other plans,��such as��aligning the Warm Homes Agency with Great British Energy (GBE)��Local, and��guiding��local authority planners on how to include community energy in local policy.
• Invest in the ‘one stop shop’ by ensuring energy and retrofit advice services have secure, long-term funding for delivery partners, creating a nationally��visible advice helpline, and��developing a comprehensive��business- and community-focused energy advice service.��

Creating local job opportunities��

PPERC’s research��suggests��that proactively working with communities leads to better energy planning.��Whilst community projects��can give more people a stake in the future of energy,��their��paper��suggests that the��full��benefits will only be��realised��if the LPP��ensures��clear, inclusive pathways into jobs��and��skills��for locals.��This includes addressing��any��structural barriers to pursuing training faced by marginalised groups.��

“We see the LPP, and the expanding role of Great British Energy at a local level, as a means of bringing a range of different people into the energy transition in both materially and socially beneficial ways,” said��Dr��Fearn.��

Looking to the future

Since the Local Power Plan was announced in February, the political context and global energy pressures have continued to shift, further emphasising the need to strengthen energy security and ensure the plan delivers lasting benefits for the communities most affected.

By establishing protected mechanisms for public and democratic ownership over the projects, PPERC argues, the LPP will be able to maximise the potential of community energy to deliver much-needed impact.

Publication details

The full response and recommendations, Putting Power in its Place: A PPERC response to the Local Power Plan, can be read .

That's the question addressed in the latest position paper from ������Ƶ����'s Dalton Nuclear Policy Group, which sets out practical opportunities for duty holders, regulators and government to build on the recommendations of the 2025 Nuclear Regulatory Task Force.

The paper, A radical reset: actionable opportunities from the UK nuclear regulatory review 2025, responds to a fundamental review of how the UK's nuclear sector is regulated. The review was launched by the UK government in 2025 as part of its plans to both expand nuclear energy generation and retain an effective nuclear deterrent, leading to the establishment of the Nuclear Regulatory Task Force.

The Task Force went on to publish a series of recommendations, aimed primarily at government but with some also directed towards industry. All of these were accepted in full by the government in early 2026 - however, little detail has been proposed to date on exactly how they might be implemented in practice.

The Dalton paper aims to fill that gap, putting forward a suite of practical opportunities which, if taken up, could deliver the more efficient and effective regulatory environment needed to underpin the UK's nuclear sector, without compromising on safety or security.

In developing the paper, the authors drew on input from within the Dalton Nuclear Institute's academic team - which includes individuals with extensive practical experience of policy, operations and regulation across the nuclear sector - as well as from a range of nuclear duty holders across both the civil and defence communities.

‘A once in a lifetime opportunity.’

Co-author Professor Francis Livens said the Task Force's review represented a rare chance to reshape the sector:
"The Regulatory Task Force has indeed provided a once in a lifetime opportunity to rethink the way the UK 'does' nuclear. We have identified opportunities to speed operations up, improve safety and reduce costs, and would be very happy to support organisations across the sector in taking these."

The authors hope the paper will be a useful input for those across the sector seeking to drive positive change.
The paper is authored by:

• Dr William Bodel
• Professor Adrian Bull MBE, Hon FNucI
• Professor Gregg Butler
• Professor Francis Livens
• Dame Fiona Rayment DBE FREng FRSE.

Read the full paper:

This well-deserved promotion recognises Clara's outstanding contributions to research, education and academic leadership, particularly her work advancing digital approaches to improve occupational safety, health and wellbeing. Through her research, she has brought together expertise from engineering, data science, organisational psychology, regulators and industry to address some of the most pressing challenges facing high-risk sectors.��

Commenting on her promotion, Clara said:��
“I am deeply grateful for this recognition and for the many colleagues, collaborators, students and mentors who have shaped my journey. The Thomas Ashton Institute has played an important role in enabling interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, regulators and industry. I look forward to continuing this work and advancing human-centred digital innovation that delivers meaningful improvements in workplace safety, health and wellbeing.”

As Digital Safety and Health Lead at the Thomas Ashton Institute, Clara has helped strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration across the University and beyond, supporting research that explores how digital technologies can improve workplace safety, health and wellbeing while ensuring innovation remains centred on people.

Reflecting on her promotion, Clara has often said that "no one becomes a professor alone," recognising the collective support of colleagues, collaborators, mentors, students, friends and family throughout her career.��

Professor Cheung's promotion marks an important milestone for both the University and the Thomas Ashton Institute. We are proud to celebrate this achievement and look forward to continuing to work with Clara as she develops new partnerships, advances interdisciplinary research and helps shape the future of digital safety and health.��

Congratulations, Professor Cheung, on this outstanding achievement.��

• 
  ��

Key findings

Bullet point list of the study's key findings

What the researchers say

Put some of the researcher's quotes here, but highlight one or two key sentences in the separate module (accessed on the left of this page)

Relevant subheading

Detail about what the findings mean - changes to previous knowledge, challenge to orthodoxy etc. Make this part human interest if possible - try to ground the study in real world implications so ordinary readers will be interested. Insert another quote in this section if needed/provided - particularly if the academic provides a call to action.

Publication details

The study was published in xxx journal.

DOI: http://xxx.

Representatives from the Institute, and exhibited throughout the day, engaging with delegates from academia, policy and practice. The event provided a valuable opportunity to showcase the Institute's work in risk and regulatory research, occupational health and safety, and interdisciplinary approaches to addressing complex societal challenges.

As well as sharing information about the Institute's activities, the team met with researchers and practitioners from a wide range of organisations, exploring opportunities for future collaboration and knowledge exchange.

The Festival's 2026 programme focused on a number of important themes, including Global Public Health, Commercial Determinants of Health, Research Inclusion, AI and Public Health, and Women's Health.

We would like to thank the organisers and everyone who visited our stand during the event. We look forward to building on the connections made and continuing to support evidence-informed approaches to improving health, safety and wellbeing.

It was fantastic to host scientists from all over the country, from the Universities of ������Ƶ����, Oxford, Birmingham, Keele, Leeds, Loughborough, ������Ƶ���� Metropolitan, Southampton, Sussex, UCL and Imperial, from Belgium, France and Sweden, as well as many of our Harwell colleagues and collaborators from Diamond Light Source, STFC, UKHSA and the Rosalind Franklin Institute.

Speakers

Huge thanks to our excellent speakers who presented a variety of complementary imaging techniques.

• , The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
• and , Detector Development Group, Science & Technology Facilities Council
• , University of Birmingham
• , University of Ghent
• , MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University
• , ������Ƶ���� Metropolitan University
• , Laboratois MatéIS
• , University of Southampton.

Workshop topics of conversation

Imaging techniques discussed were ultra-fast synchrotron radiography and tomography imaging, micro-CT combined with SWAXS, 3D X-ray Histology, ultra-high resolution tomography, diceCT, tomography imaging of porous media and molten flows, advances in X-ray imaging detectors that were applied in various applications (battery safety studies, laser welding of metals, fuel injectors, shockwave imaging, crystal growth in molten flows, pore-scale imaging of multiphase fluid flow, bone hierarchical structure, tumour margin determination, foetal post-mortem autopsy, laser-based additive manufacturing, muscle whiskers in pinniped species, elemental chemistry in alloys and uranium quantification).

The workshop maintained high engagement all day with fascinating 3D visualisation such as the complex bone canalicular network and impressive 4D animations such as battery failure and hydrogen-brine dynamics. The bottlenecks of analysing such large datasets with different modalities and the importance of taking this into consideration when designing an experiment, was also addressed.

The ability to measure intricate fluid dynamics in porous media using 4D velocimetry was a key advancement. These empirical datasets can significantly improve the accuracy of CFD models and can be extended to study mechanical processes in other domains, such as bone mechanobiology and tissue engineering (bioreactors, scaffolds).

The use of AI and deep-learning techniques to boost data interpretation and identify novel biomarkers in clinical applications look very promising, and it was important to highlight some of the limits such as model hallucination. Because imaging techniques and data analytics are advancing so rapidly, dedicated training programs are increasingly essential to prepare the next generation of scientists.

Posters and poster prizes

• First prize awarded to , University of Oxford, ‘Towards Hydrogen Imaging and Mapping in Embrittlement-Susceptible Steels via XAS and Machine Learning’.
• Second prize awarded to , University of Oxford, ‘Investigating interdendritic flow during aluminium alloys solidification using Artificial Intelligence and synchrotron X-ray imaging’.
• Third prize awarded to , University of Birmingham, ‘Additive Manufacturing and Advance Materials Testing of 316L & Tungstan LPBF Lattices for Fusion Application.

Thank you to everyone who presented a poster and congratulations to our three winners!

Thank you…

We would like to say a huge thank you to all our speakers, chairs, sponsors and delegates who helped make the conference a success.

Published in , the study led by researchers from ������Ƶ����, the Leibniz Institute for Catalysis and the University of Münster describe a family of tellurium-based catalysts that use chalcogen bonding to control reaction outcomes through non-covalent interactions.

Chalcogen bonding, which arises from electron-deficient regions known as σ-holes, has attracted growing attention as a tool for catalysis. However, translating these comparatively weak interactions into effective asymmetric catalysis has proved difficult, particularly when using neutral catalyst systems. Most successful examples reported to date have relied on charged catalysts to strengthen substrate binding.

To address this limitation, the researchers used computational modelling to design a series of chiral tellurium-triazole catalysts capable of forming a confined binding environment around reacting molecules. They identified a catalyst incorporating a 1,3-diaminocyclohexane backbone that could adopt a bidentate binding arrangement, allowing two tellurium centres to interact cooperatively with a substrate.

When tested experimentally, the catalyst was able to induce asymmetry in benchmark Reissert-type reactions of quinolines and isoquinolines. The best-performing examples reached enantiomeric ratios of up to 89:11, providing evidence that neutral chalcogen-bond donors can transfer chiral information during catalysis.

Dr Olga García Mancheño, corresponding author and Professor of Catalysis in Organic Chemistry at the Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, who led the experimental catalysis work, adds: "Chalcogen bonding has enormous potential as a tool for catalysis, but translating these relatively weak interactions into reliable asymmetric control has proved challenging. This was only possible by bringing together computational design, synthesis and experimental catalysis. The study shows that carefully designed neutral chalcogen-bond donors can overcome an important limitation in the field and opens the door to more selective systems in the future."

The team combined computational design, synthesis and mechanistic studies to understand why some catalyst architectures performed better than others. Spectroscopic and computational analyses showed that the most effective catalyst forms two cooperative chalcogen-bond interactions with a bound chloride ion, supported by additional hydrogen-bonding contacts that help stabilise the catalytic complex.

Alternative catalyst designs either failed to bind effectively or produced little or no enantioselectivity, highlighting the importance of catalyst geometry in controlling stereochemical outcomes.

"The computational analysis allowed us to understand why certain catalyst structures were successful while others were not", says James O'Brien, who carried out the computational studies at ������Ƶ����. "It revealed how subtle changes in catalyst geometry influence binding and selectivity, helping us identify the features needed for effective chalcogen-bonding catalysis."

Lary Massold, who conducted the experimental studies says: “From the two most promising synthesised chalcogen donors, the catalyst with a weaker binding but more directive bidentate interactions with the substrate showed higher selectivity and stereocontrol. With this study we proved that fine-tuning of weak interactions plays a crucial role in this area of supramolecular catalysis.”

Although the levels of stereocontrol remain below those routinely achieved with more established classes of asymmetric catalyst, the work provides a proof of principle for neutral chalcogen-bonding catalysis and offers a framework for designing more selective systems.

The authors say the design principles identified in the study could help guide future efforts to harness weak non-covalent interactions for increasingly complex catalytic transformations.

The Ferranti Mark I, the world's first commercially available general-purpose computer, came with 4,000 valves, 100,000 soldered joints and six miles of wires. The 27 kilowatts of power it needed to operate is the equivalent of running roughly 600 mid-range laptops today, yet at the time, it must have felt miraculous.

Seventy-five years on, and ������Ƶ���� is still working at the frontier of computing. The machinery might be different – something far smaller than 2.5-metre-tall towers – but the research teams are asking the same question: can you turn a theory into a device that changes the world?

The answer in 2026, involves silicon, single atoms and the strange laws of quantum physics.

What is a quantum computer?

All previous computers, from the Ferranti Mark I to the laptop on your desk, have processed information as bits – ones and zeros. But now, quantum computing is changing the game, they use qubits instead. Qubits, can exist as both a 1 and a 0 at the same time; multiplied across many qubits working together, quantum machines can explore numerous solutions at once, rather than working through them one by one.

The implications of this are potentially huge. Problems that would take today’s most powerful supercomputers centuries to solve – from modelling new medicines to testing the security of future communication systems – could one day be tackled in hours, or even minutes.

What’s getting in the way?

The main barrier to progress is that qubits are incredibly fragile. Even tiny changes in their environment, like a shift in temperature or a disturbance in their surroundings, can introduce errors. Building a quantum computer that works reliably at scale means solving this problem.

Silicon, the material which underpins every modern computer chip, offers a potential route forward, because scientists already know how to produce very precise silicon devices. However, natural silicon contains an isotope, silicon-29, which causes a ‘nuclear flip flopping’ effect that makes qubits lose their data.

For a long time, no practical solution to this has existed.

������Ƶ����'s answer

In 2024, researchers from ������Ƶ���� announced they had found one. By developing a way of engineering silicon to remove silicon-29, they produced the world's purest form of the material. This purified silicon can provide a stable platform for high-performance qubit devices and creates the opportunity for making quantum computers at scale. Scientists think it opens a path towards devices containing one million qubits, potentially fabricated to the size of a pinhead.

With this material achieved, the team turned to scaling up the purification process and using samples to develop prototype quantum devices.

Then, in March 2026, ������Ƶ���� and IBM researchers used a quantum computer to verify the properties of a molecule that had never previously existed. It was a concrete demonstration of the technology’s potential.

What this means for the future

The UK’s recent National Quantum Strategy earmarked an investment of £2.5 billion for creating a thriving quantum sector, with many projecting that quantum technologies will create a global market worth tens of billions within the next decade.

������Ƶ����'s sits at the heart of that ambition, training a new generation of scientists and engineers while building the industry partnerships needed to move discoveries out of the lab and into the real world.

The ability to process complex challenges at a scale no classical computer can match, could soon transform sectors as diverse as energy, manufacturing, data security, drug discovery and vaccine design.

Seventy-five years ago, the Ferranti Mark I proved that extraordinary ideas could be made real. Today’s researchers might be working at a different scale – swapping whole rooms for single atoms – but their achievements could be just as revolutionary.

However, the advantage depends on the emotional context, and a key ingredient for effective support – offering specific, actionable guidance – can boost the quality of support from both humans and AI alike.

– published in the journal – compared messages of emotional support generated by large language models (LLMs) and humans in everyday, non-clinical contexts.

The research comprised five studies involving a total of 1,233 participants. Across the studies, the team compared emotional support messages generated by three leading LLMs – ChatGPT 4o, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and Gemini 1.5 Pro – with messages written by human participants responding to everyday emotionally charged scenarios, such as being passed over for a promotion or coming home to find their shared house untidy.

Participants were not told if the messages they received came from a human or an AI. Although many were able to correctly identify the source, those in studies where LLM messages were rated as more supportive did not show reduced benefit – suggesting that awareness of an AI source does not necessarily undermine its effectiveness.

Key findings:

• LLM-generated responses largely mirrored strategies used by humans to manage others’ emotions, particularly for ChatGPT, which showed the highest similarity with human patterns.

• In situations involving anger and fear, LLM responses were seen as more emotionally supportive than those written by people. In addition, LLM messages helped people feel more positive (such as feeling calm or happy). For sadness situations, LLM and human responses worked equally well.

• Simply acknowledging someone’s feelings (e.g., “I totally understand why you feel sad”) did not fully explain why LLM responses were sometimes more effective. Adding or removing this emotional validation did not make a difference to how helpful the messages were.

• What mattered most was “Actionable support” – clear practical suggestions that people could use (such as breathing techniques, step-by-step reframing, or practical next steps). These specific suggestions improved emotional outcomes regardless of whether the message came from a human or an AI.

Co-author , Lecturer in Psychology at ������Ƶ����, said: “Our findings suggest that what makes emotional support effective is less about who provides it, and more about how it is delivered. Providing people with specific, actionable steps, rather than general reassurance, is a key ingredient for effective support, whether that comes from a person or a chatbot.

She added: “While a human might typically suggest going for a walk or making a cup of tea, an AI chatbot tends to go further, for example acknowledging the person’s feelings and offering step-by-step strategies such as breathing techniques or specific ways to reframe a thought. Training human supporters – whether professionals or members of the public – to provide this kind of structured, actionable guidance could meaningfully improve the quality of everyday emotional support.”

Co-author , a PhD researcher at ������Ƶ����, said: “We found that AI can emulate the supportive strategies that humans use, and at times even outperform human supporters in improving a person’s emotional state – though this is not universal. The effect depends on the type of emotion and what outcome you are looking at.”

She added: “We are not saying that humans should or can be replaced by AI. But our findings do show that when people choose to use AI for emotional support, it can be genuinely helpful, and understanding why it works can help us improve how both humans and AI provide that support.”

The research comes amid growing public interest in AI as an emotional resource. Recent surveys suggest that 66% of 25- to 34-year-olds in the UK have turned to AI chatbots instead of loved ones to discuss emotional problems, and in the US, 20% of young adults aged 18–21 have used ChatGPT to manage their emotions, with 92.7% of those users finding the advice helpful.

Dr Sarah Walker, co-author of the study from Durham University's School of Education, said: "What's key here is that we're not suggesting AI should replace human support. But when people do turn to it, it can help, and understanding why tells us something useful. Concrete, actionable steps work better than general reassurance, and that is something all of us can get better at offering. However, we also need to think about the human cost of actionable support as well.

“When AI suggests a walk or a breathing exercise, the suggestion is where its involvement ends. When a person offers the same thing, it usually comes with their presence as well. We don't just suggest the walk, we go on it. That kind of support takes real time and effort, and the people closest to us are often stretched thin. So to me, this work is less about AI replacing us and more of a reminder that what we want from each other in hard moments is often more than the people we love can give."

• “ DOI 10.1037/emo0001712

Alcohol-related harm continues to place a significant burden on health services. The study highlights that these harms are most common late at night, particularly at weekends, when higher levels of intoxication can contribute to injuries, violence and emergency healthcare demand. The researchers note that Scotland recorded more than 31,000 alcohol-specific hospital admissions between 2022 and 2023.

The team says the findings provide important evidence for policymakers considering future licensing decisions. They argue that both the scale of licensing extensions and the types of venues receiving them should be carefully considered when assessing potential impacts on public health and community safety.

The authors also note that previous international research has linked reductions in late-night trading hours with decreases in alcohol-related harm. As the first UK study to examine the relationship between extended opening hours and alcohol-related ambulance call-outs, they believe the results can contribute to future national and local licensing policy discussions.

Professor Niamh Fitzgerald of the University of Stirling, and Principal Investigator of the wider study, said: “Our study shows that local authorities need greater powers to control the number and type of venues that are allowed to open later at night because large-scale extensions will result in increased health harms and crimes. Whilst this part of the research didn’t find measurable impacts in Glasgow, local stakeholders reported in interviews that the 4am extension in just 10 nightclubs had put frontline services under severe strain.”

The study was a collaboration between ������Ƶ����, the University of Glasgow, Glasgow Caledonian University, the University of Sheffield, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde and the Scottish Ambulance Service, and forms part of a wider project led by the University of Stirling.

role on this work and the wider NIHR funded ELEPHANT project focused on advising the statistical design and methodologies proposed for the analyses, including analyses of changes in the geographical distributions of harms.

• Fathers who undertook solo caregiving became more confident and capable parents.

• Early childcare experiences helped fathers better understand the emotional, practical and mental load of caring for children.

• Mothers were often able to return to work earlier or pursue career progression because they had confidence in their partner's caregiving abilities.

• Couples were more likely to view childcare as a shared responsibility rather than primarily the mother's role.

• Many fathers continued to organise work around family responsibilities years after their leave ended.

• Some fathers became more open about caregiving responsibilities at work and more willing to prioritise family life over career progression.

Rethinking careers and parenting

"Our research shows that fathers' solo caregiving can have long-lasting effects on how couples organise work and family life years later,” said Professor Emma Banister from the Work and Equalities Institute at Alliance ������Ƶ���� Business School. "The fathers we spoke to developed confidence and skills through caring for their child alone, and those experiences continued to shape their decisions about work and parenting long after their leave had ended."

Challenge to traditional gender roles regarding paid and unpaid work

The study also found evidence that fathers who had taken sole responsibility for childcare were more likely to challenge traditional expectations about parenting and work.

Several participants reported openly discussing childcare commitments with colleagues and managers, rejecting the idea that caregiving should be hidden or secondary to paid work.

The researchers argue that organisations and policymakers should do more to support fathers who want to take an active role in childcare.

Implications for parental leave policy

The researchers say the findings strengthen the case for expanding dedicated leave for fathers.

While Shared Parental Leave was introduced in the UK in 2015 to encourage more equal parenting, uptake remains relatively low because of affordability, eligibility restrictions and the way the system is structured.

The study suggests that creating more opportunities for fathers to undertake solo caregiving could help promote greater gender equality both at home and in the workplace.

"The benefits we observed weren't simply about fathers spending more time with their children - it was the experience of taking responsibility for childcare independently that appeared to make the difference,” said Professor Ben Kerrane of ������Ƶ���� Metropolitan University. “That experience helped reshape how couples thought about parenting, careers and family responsibilities, with effects that were still visible five years later.”

Publication details

The study was published in journal Human Relations.

DOI:

Graeme studied Biomedical Sciences with ������Ƶ����, and it was while here that he took up rowing. That turned out to be a turning point in his life, and a few years later, his intense training and selection pathway for the 2012 London Olympics meant that he missed out on celebrating the completion of his degree.

Fourteen years and a spectacular sporting career later, which saw Graeme selected for Rio 2016, and competing in Tokyo and Paris, The University thought it only right that he had the opportunity to finish his degree properly – he is, after all, a recent inductee into our Sporting Hall of Fame.

Watched on by his parents, his son, and his soon-to-be Wife, Lucy, Graeme commented,

Following his ceremony, Graeme was invited to a reception with a few of the members of the current ������Ƶ���� Rowing Club.

This new Long Baseline Multistatic Radar (LBMR) capability for real-time space object characterization transforms existing radio-frequency infrastructure, including radio telescopes and satellite communications antennas, into a powerful dual-use system for Space Domain Awareness.

As the number of satellites being launched every year grows towards the tens of thousands, space is becoming increasingly congested. At the same time our reliance on services provided from space is becoming increasingly clear. For these reasons it is essential to boost our capabilities of monitoring, tracking and characterising objects in orbit.

Radar is a powerful tool for monitoring objects in orbit, but observing distant regions such as geostationary orbit (36,000 km) requires high power transmitters and the most sensitive receivers. Radio telescopes like the Lovell Telescope and e-MERLIN are designed to detect the faint natural radio emissions from stars and galaxies, while large deep-space communications antennas routinely receive extremely weak signals from distant spacecraft. By using these assets as geographically distributed radar receivers, the sensitivity of existing radar systems can be increased by more than tenfold ,enabling the detection of smaller objects at much greater distances.

To make this capability useful for space operations, the radar echoes received at the radio telescopes need to be collected, processed and analysed in real time. This has now been demonstrated in a new project funded by the UK Space Agency at a live event recently held at the European Space Agency at Harwell, in the UK.

Key stakeholders from the government, defence and industry in the UK and Australia were able to see the radar detections and measurements live on screen. This is a world first for this type of radar technique and a major milestone in moving LBMR from research towards operational capability, reflecting the shared leadership and complementary expertise of partners across the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia.

������Ƶ���� is a key member of this project, and the use of the 76-m Lovell Telescope at Jodrell Bank is central to obtaining the sensitivity improvement which this approach offers. Using additional e-MERLIN antennas (supported by STFC) adds flexibility, resilience and the future potential for real-time orbit determination.

This project was funded by the UK Space Agency through its International Bilateral Fund and led by the University of Birmingham. Originating from within two NATO- Research Task Groups (STO SET-293 and SET-340), which have involved the University of ������Ƶ���� from the outset in 2020, the project has brought together partners from the three nations to overcome key challenges in synchronisation, distributed sensing and real-time processing. Beyond proving a new capability for monitoring space objects, LBMR provides a platform for continued innovation, international collaboration and the development of the specialist skills needed to help protect critical space infrastructure and ensure the safe, secure and sustainable use of space.

Dr Chris Blount at the UK Space Agency said: “The Long Baseline Multistatic Radar (LMBR) project has been a fantastic example of innovation and collaboration by incredible UK and international talent, and an exemplar case of the capability multiplication through collaboration the International Bilateral Fund (IBF) seeks to achieve. The LBMR team have taken the thorny challenge of real time on-demand monitoring of space objects on geostationary orbit, and through proactive partnering and an innovative application of existing world class UK assets, have been able to demonstrate a state of the art, dual use by design, capability. This has been achieved without the extensive investment, time, and effort a dedicated facility would have otherwise needed, and even surpasses the capability such a facility would yield. This is exactly the innovation and engineering excellence UKSA and the IBF seeks to promote, and is a key step towards a capability to make the UK and our international partners safer and better able to respond to the challenges of a congested and contested space.”

Professor Simon Garrington, a radio astronomer at the Jodrell Bank Observatory, University of ������Ƶ����, UK, said: “The 76-m Lovell Telescope at Jodrell Bank makes a superb radar receiver for this type of work. We are very keen to realise its full potential in contributing to monitoring objects in orbit, protecting UK assets in space, and making space safer. Our e-MERLIN array is also being used in this work and is a unique UK capability for high precision measurements of objects in orbit”.

Professor Gaven Smith, CB FREng – University of ������Ƶ���� and former CTO, GCHQ, UK said: “This is a compelling example of how research facilities and skills can be applied to the challenge of protecting important UK assets in space against a range of natural (eg space debris) and potentially hostile threats. The need for these capabilities is becoming increasing urgent, and this application of radio telescopes shows how powerful capabilities can be developed rapidly and cost-effectively within the UK, by leveraging our research base.”

Prof Marco Martorella, LBMR project leader, Chair in RF and Space Sensing at the University of Birmingham, UK, said: "The successful demonstration of the Long Baseline Multistatic Radar marks an important step towards an operational Space Domain Awareness capability. Beyond its immediate operational potential, LBMR provides a unique platform to advance radar technologies, validate new sensing concepts, and train the next generation of RF and radar engineers. Building and retaining this expertise is essential to developing the capabilities needed to detect, track and identify space objects, helping to protect critical space infrastructure and ensure the safe and sustainable use of space for the future.”

Chris Saunders, a senior mission concepts engineer at UK-headquartered space company, Goonhilly, said: “This project has been a fantastic demonstration of multi-national collaboration across academia and industry, demonstrating the value of leveraging existing satellite communications infrastructure to protect our critical assets in space. Goonhilly looks forward to building upon the successful LBMR concept, as it continues to develop day/night, all-weather, RF-based Space Domain Awareness capabilities.”

Mr. Gregory Hogan, Chair of NATO SET ‘LBMR for Space Domain Awareness’ Research Group, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, US, said: “This multi-nation live demonstration highlights the advanced capability that can be achieved through Allied partnership. By augmenting US radars with partner nation radiotelescopes significant increases were achieved in sensitivity for detecting and characterizing satellites at Geosynchronous distances, greatly enhancing the SDA mission.

Ken Smart, Space Domain Awareness Lead at CSIRO, Australia, said: “The success of the Long Baseline Multistatic Radar demonstration relied on bringing together complementary capabilities from across the United Kingdom, United States and Australia. CSIRO's contribution of the Mopra radio telescope and expertise in radio astronomy and signal processing extended the geographic reach of the network and provided an independent receiving capability from the Southern Hemisphere. Together, the partners demonstrated how existing scientific and communications infrastructure can be combined to deliver a powerful new approach to Space Domain Awareness, while strengthening international collaboration on the technologies needed to help ensure the safe, secure and sustainable use of space.”

Phoebe Ryder, PhD Student at University of ������Ƶ����, UK: “For me as a young scientist, it has been really valuable to join an international team which brings together experts in space radar, satellite communications and radio astronomy. This project has been a great opportunity to combine curiosity-driven research with real world needs to produce a demonstration of a useful and novel capability. Working with the UK Space Agency, and other stakeholders, has given me invaluable insight into the applications of this research, and hopefully some opportunities for a future career in this really interesting and important area.”

Dr. Jason Guicheteau, Chair of NATO Sensing Technology (SET) Scientific Technical Committee, US, said: “The successful live demonstration of the LBMR is a testament to the power of allied collaboration, showcasing the transition of foundational science into a tangible, operational capability originating out of NATO Science and Technology Organization (STO) research task groups."

• Multiple agencies share responsibility for tackling economic crime, in some cases creating uncertainty over leadership and accountability

• Competing priorities and budget pressures can limit organisations' ability to devote resources to economic crime investigations

• The broad and evolving nature of "economic crime" makes it difficult to define priorities and measure success

• Outdated technology and poor data-sharing arrangements continue to hamper investigations and intelligence gathering

• The UK's response relies heavily on cooperation between organisations with different responsibilities, cultures and objectives

Economic crime has become one of the UK's biggest crime threats

The researchers say economic crime encompasses a vast range of offences, from online fraud and investment scams to money laundering, bribery and sanctions evasion.

However, a key issue identified by the study was ambiguity surrounding the term ‘economic crime’ - which lacks clear boundaries and scope - and how different threats should be prioritised.

The research found that political priorities and major world events can rapidly reshape which forms of economic crime receive attention and resources. As a result, agencies can find themselves responding to an ever-expanding range of threats, stretching already limited resources.

The authors argue that while the broad label of economic crime helps attract political attention and funding, it can also obscure important differences between offences that require very different responses.

Outdated systems slowing investigations

Participants in the study also highlighted concerns about the technological tools available to investigators. Some reported that basic collaboration and data-analysis capabilities lag behind those available in the private sector, with information-gathering processes that should take days sometimes taking months.

The researchers found that these limitations can make it more difficult to identify emerging threats, share intelligence and coordinate action across agencies.

What is needed

The researchers say the enabling conditions needed to tackle the problem are:

• A shared definition of economic crime, clear enough to guide prioritisation yet flexible enough to serve both political and operational purposes

• Data-sharing arrangements and intelligence infrastructure that allow partners to act and build understanding simultaneously

• Clear incentives and dedicated resourcing that allow partners to commit meaningfully beyond their core organisational mandates

• Clear delineation of roles and responsibilities across agencies, with recognised leadership

• Formalised but flexible accountability arrangements that create soft mechanisms for ensuring participation without undermining partner autonomy

Why this matters

Fraud is now one of the most common crimes affecting people in the UK, while money laundering enables a wide range of serious criminal activity, from organised crime to corruption.

The findings also have wider relevance for governments around the world that are increasingly relying on multi-agency partnerships to tackle complex forms of crime that cross organisational and national boundaries.

What the researchers say

"The National Economic Crime Centre was created to bring together the many organisations involved in tackling economic crime, recognising the need for a collective response” said Professor Nicholas Lord. “However, coordinating agencies with different responsibilities, priorities and resources is not straightforward, and certainly needs more than goodwill.”

"What emerges from this study is a picture of a system that depends heavily on cooperation between organisations,” added Professor Elisa Bellotti. “The challenge is not simply understanding economic crime itself, but creating the conditions that allow different institutions to work together effectively in responding to it.”

Publication details

The study was published in the Journal of Economic Criminology.

DOI: